Kev faib tawm raws li kev ua tiav, txoj kev khaws cia thiab cov ntsiab lus noo noo yog ib txoj hauv kev siv dav tshaj plaws hauv cov khoom noj tsiaj.

Raws li txoj kev no, cov zaub mov tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom noj tsiaj qhuav, cov zaub mov hauv kaus poom thiab cov zaub mov ntub dej.Lwm txoj hauv kev yog cais cov zaub mov raws li nws qhov zoo thiab cov qauv kev muag khoom.Cov khoom noj tsiaj tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom noj tsiaj thiab cov khoom noj nyiam tsiaj.

cov zaub mov qhuav

Hom khoom noj uas nyiam tshaj plaws uas cov tswv tsev yuav yog cov khoom noj tsiaj qhuav.Cov khoom noj no muaj 6% mus rau 12% noo noo thiab> 88% qhuav qhuav.

Grits, biscuits, hmoov, thiab puffed zaub mov yog tag nrho cov khoom noj khoom haus qhuav, uas nrov tshaj plaws yog puffed (extruded) zaub mov.Cov khoom xyaw uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws hauv cov zaub mov qhuav yog cov zaub mov muaj protein ntau ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj keeb kwm, xws li pob kws gluten pluas noj, taum pluas noj, nqaij qaib thiab nqaij noj thiab lawv cov khoom siv, thiab cov tsiaj txhu tshiab.Cov khoom noj carbohydrate yog cov nplej uas tsis tau ua tiav lossis cov khoom lag luam xws li pob kws, nplej thiab nplej;cov rog rog yog tsiaj rog lossis zaub roj.

Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom noj muaj ntau homogenous thiab ua tiav thaum lub sijhawm sib xyaw, cov vitamins thiab minerals tuaj yeem ntxiv thaum sib tov.Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom noj qhuav niaj hnub no yog ua los ntawm extrusion.Extrusion yog txheej txheem kub kub sai sai uas ua noj, tsim thiab puffs cov nplej thaum gelatinizing cov protein.Kev kub siab, kev kub siab, thiab cov nyhuv ntawm kev nthuav dav thiab cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab gelatinization tom qab tsim yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kho kub kub kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov txheej txheem kom tsis muaj menyuam kom tshem tawm cov kab mob pathogenic.Cov zaub mov extruded yog ces qhuav, txias thiab ntim.Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv cov rog thiab lawv cov khoom siv extruded qhuav los yog kua degradation tuaj yeem xaiv tau los txhim kho lub palatability ntawm cov zaub mov.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov aub biscuits thiab miv thiab dev grits yuav tsum muaj txheej txheem ci.Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum sib tov tag nrho cov khoom xyaw ua ke los ua ib lub khob noom cookie homogeneous, uas yog tom qab ntawd ci.Thaum ua cov biscuits tsiaj, lub khob noom cookie tuaj yeem ua los yog txiav rau hauv cov duab uas xav tau, thiab cov ncuav ci ci ntau dua li cov ncuav qab zib lossis crackers.Hauv kev tsim cov khoom noj miv thiab dev, cov neeg ua haujlwm kis tau lub khob noom cookie rau ntawm lub lauj kaub loj, ci, tawg rau hauv me me tom qab txias, thiab ntim nws.

Cov khoom noj qhuav qhuav sib txawv hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus, cov khoom xyaw, cov txheej txheem ua, thiab cov tsos.Dab tsi lawv muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho yog tias cov ntsiab lus dej kuj tsawg, tab sis cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov protein txawv ntawm 12% mus rau 30%;thiab cov ntsiab lus rog yog 6% mus rau 25%.Tsis muaj xws li cov khoom xyaw, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom noj thiab lub zog concentration yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab thaum ntsuas cov khoom noj qhuav sib txawv.

semi-moist khoom noj

Qhov nrov ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus ib nrab ntub dej tau poob rau xyoo tas los no.Cov dej noo ntawm cov khoom noj no yog 15% mus rau 30%, thiab cov khoom siv tseem ceeb yog cov ntaub so ntswg tshiab lossis khov tsiaj, nplej, rog thiab cov suab thaj yooj yim.Nws muaj kev ntxhib los mos dua li cov khoom noj qhuav, uas ua rau nws zoo dua rau cov tsiaj thiab txhim kho palatability.Zoo li cov zaub mov qhuav, feem ntau cov khoom noj uas muaj dej noo yog extruded thaum lawv ua.

Nyob ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom xyaw, cov zaub mov tuaj yeem steamed ua ntej extrusion.Kuj tseem muaj qee qhov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb rau kev tsim khoom noj khoom haus ib nrab.Vim muaj cov ntsiab lus dej siab ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus ib nrab, yuav tsum tau ntxiv lwm cov khoom xyaw los tiv thaiv cov khoom los ntawm kev lwj.

Txhawm rau txhim kho cov dej noo hauv cov khoom kom nws tsis tuaj yeem siv los ntawm cov kab mob kom loj hlob, qab zib, pob kws phoov thiab ntsev ntxiv rau cov khoom noj ib nrab moist.Ntau cov khoom noj khoom haus ib nrab moist muaj ntau cov suab thaj yooj yim, uas pab txhim kho lawv cov palatability thiab digestibility.Cov tshuaj tua kab mob xws li potassium sorbate tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov poov xab thiab pwm thiab yog li muab kev tiv thaiv ntxiv rau cov khoom.Cov organic acids me me tuaj yeem txo qis pH ntawm cov khoom thiab tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv kab mob loj hlob.Vim tias cov ntxhiab tsw ntawm cov khoom noj ib nrab yog feem ntau me dua li cov khoom noj hauv cov kaus poom, thiab cov neeg ntim khoom yooj yim dua, nws nyiam los ntawm qee tus tswv tsiaj.

Cov khoom noj tsiaj ib nrab tsis xav tau tub yees ua ntej qhib thiab muaj lub neej txee ntev.Thaum piv rau qhov hnyav hnyav hnyav, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom noj ib nrab moist feem ntau yog nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom noj qhuav thiab cov kaus poom.

Cov zaub mov kaus poom

Cov txheej txheem canning yog txheej txheem ua noj ua haus kub.Cov khoom siv raw ntau yam yog tov, siav thiab ntim rau hauv cov kaus poom hlau kub nrog lub hau thiab ua noj ntawm 110-132 ° C rau 15-25 feeb nyob ntawm seb hom tuaj yeem thiab ntim.Cov zaub mov hauv kaus poom khaws 84% ​​ntawm nws cov dej noo.Cov ntsiab lus dej siab ua rau cov khoom hauv kaus poom palatable heev, uas yog qhov txaus nyiam rau cov neeg siv khoom noj cov tsiaj fussy, tab sis kuj kim dua vim lawv cov nqi ntau dua.

Muaj ob hom zaub mov hauv kaus poom: ib qho uas muab cov khoom noj sib npaug ntawm tus nqi tag nrho;lwm yam uas tsuas yog siv raws li kev noj haus ntxiv lossis tsuas yog siv rau kev kho mob hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kaus poom nqaij lossis nqaij los ntawm cov khoom.Cov khoom noj uas muaj nqi tag nrho, cov kaus poom uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yuav muaj ntau yam khoom siv raw, xws li nqaij ntshiv, nqaij qaib lossis ntses los ntawm cov khoom, nplej, zaub protein ntau, thiab cov vitamins thiab minerals;qee qhov yuav muaj tsuas yog ib lossis ob hom nqaij ntshiv los yog tsiaj los ntawm cov khoom, thiab ntxiv cov vitamin thiab ntxhia ntxiv kom txaus kom muaj kev noj zaub mov zoo.Cov qeb thib ob ntawm cov khoom noj hauv kaus poom yog feem ntau cov nqaij hauv kaus poom uas muaj cov nqaij uas tau teev saum toj no, tab sis tsis muaj cov vitamin lossis cov ntxhia ntxiv.Cov zaub mov no tsis yog tsim los muab cov khoom noj kom tiav thiab tsuas yog siv los ua ib qho ntxiv rau cov khoom noj uas muaj nqi, sib npaug lossis rau kev kho mob.